White-crowned Sparrow

annual

migrant populations forage on seeds during fall passage through California

grass

Important seed resource during fall migration and winter; primary forage in chaparral and grassland

grass

Critical seed source during fall migration and wintering; major fall diet component Sep-Nov

grass

Post-breeding dispersal and migration staging Sep-Oct; seeds critical for energy reserves

shrub

Migration and winter visitor, supplements diet with available berries

grass

Critical fall migration staging fuel, Sep-Nov

grass

critical seed resource during fall migration and winter resident period; peak foraging September-March

grass

critical winter seed resource Nov-Mar for overwintering and migrating populations in California

grass

critical fall migration fuel source; grazes on mature seed heads September-November

annual

Critical fall migration and overwintering food source

annual

Winter foraging on dried seed heads in open grasslands

shrub

Winter cover and roosting habitat Oct-Mar

grass

Primary seed consumption during migration staging and overwinter period Sep-Mar

annual

post-bloom seed consumption during fall migration staging

grass

migration staging and overwintering seed resource

grass

migration staging and overwintering seed resource; critical for winter survival in California

shrub

Seeds consumed during migration staging and winter foraging in coastal salt marsh habitats

annual

Critical fall migration fuel source, September-November

grass

critical fall migration fuel source Sep-Nov during passage through California

grass

forages on Carex seeds during migration and overwintering Sep-Apr

grass

forages on sedge seeds during winter months and spring migration staging

perennial herb

primary seed foraging during winter months Nov-Mar in California foothills

grass

migrants and winter residents glean grass seeds during fall migration and overwintering

grass

migration staging and overwintering food source; seeds consumed during passage through California

grass

critical winter seed resource for migrating and overwintering populations in California

grass

Critical fall migration staging fuel; seed availability Sep-Nov

grass

Winter resident foraging on grass seeds, particularly during migration staging and overwintering