California Coffeeberry

Primary larval host plant for pale swallowtail in California, eggs laid Apr-May

Larval host for spring generation, eggs laid on foliage

Spring blooms provide early season forage for queen establishment

Larval host plant, critical for this California endemic butterfly

Documented larval host, caterpillars feed on emerging leaves

Spring flowering (Apr-Jun) provides important early season nectar source

Larval host plant, caterpillars feed on new growth April-May

Documented larval host, caterpillars feed on foliage in spring-early summer

Critical fall migration fuel source, berries consumed during southbound migration Sep-Oct

Fall migration staging food source, berries essential for energy before departure

Year-round resident, coffeeberry berries important winter food source

Summer breeding season frugivore, important diet component

Forages in shrubs for fruits and insects in fall-winter

Regular consumer of coffeeberry fruits throughout year

Opportunistic frugivore in mixed diet, berries consumed when available

Fall and winter ground forager, consumes fallen berries

Fall fruit consumption, stores berries as winter cache food

Fall-winter resource, berries included in midden caches