Black bear

tree

Pre-hibernation foraging; fruits consumed Aug-Oct for caloric accumulation

tree

Critical fall mast crop; acorns consumed heavily Sep-Nov for hyperphagia before hibernation

shrub

Peak foraging Jul-Sep, critical pre-hibernation caloric intake

shrub

Late summer and fall fruit consumption; pre-hibernation nutritional source

fern

Early spring green shoots consumed during post-hibernation foraging

tree

critical summer-fall forage July-October for pre-hibernation feeding

tree

Critical pre-hibernation mast consumption Sep-Nov

shrub

Important caloric resource for pre-hibernation foraging Jul-Oct

tree

Spring diet includes emerging alder catkins and young foliage; early green food

shrub

Fall foraging for hyperphagia; berries consumed Jul-Sep before hibernation

shrub

Berries consumed late summer-fall for hyperphagia; contributes to pre-hibernation caloric intake Jul-Oct

perennial herb

Critical summer fruit resource, peak consumption July-August before berry season ends

shrub

Critical late summer/early fall food source; berries consumed during pre-hibernation hyperphagia Jul-Sep

perennial herb

Berries consumed during peak ripening mid-summer to early fall; important pre-hibernation forage